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A 5 acre farm plan for the small landholder

 To start, let's set some basic assumptions in place:

Assumption 1. The farm will be 'natural': We will use organic and sustainable methods to the degree feasible. If you live where you work, you don't want to introduce toxic substances into the environment.

Assumption 2. Integrated production of livestock and vegetable crops: Livestock animals are beneficial on a small farm, provided you raise them properly. This means raising them outdoors and not in confinement. And the livestock will add another valuable income stream to your micro-farm.

Assumption 3. This is a business, not a hobby: No business starts up without some idea of where customers will come from, or how much revenue is needed, or who will do the work needed on your 5 acre farm.

This means we need to think about planning, marketing, and management as well as production. Check out the Bootstrap Book Series for practical, actionable guidance for a number of farm enterprises.

OK, with these basic assumptions in place, let's look at the plan.

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The 5 acre farm plan

Here are the pieces of your 5 acre farm:

• Two garden plots comprise about half the space available for your CSA market garden (see graphic below)
  
• One-and-a quarter-acre cover cropping area
• One-and-a quarter-acre for raising meat chickens, turkeys and pigs
• 4000 square feet  in hoop houses for starting transplants and growing early crops. The hoop houses will reside at the north end of the property, to avoid shading crops and also to help provide a windbreak from northerly winds.
• 20 beehives to help with garden pollination and to produce a cash crop of honey. The bee yard can be on the perimeter of the garden.
• Assorted fruit trees on the west perimeter of the property.

Equipment needed for your 5 acre farm

Here's a list of the minimum basic equipment needed to efficiently manage your mini-farm:

• Diesel tractor and loader in the 40-45 hp range
• Spader with power harrow
• Bed shaper and drip tape/plastic layer
• Transplanter
• Rotary Mower (Bush Hog)
• Rear-time tiller (Troy-Bilt or BCS), 8-11 hp range

• Pickup truck
• Walk-in cooler or refrigerated room

• Plant starting light room or small heated greenhouse
• Electric mesh fencing and charger
• Feeders, waterers, and portable housing for pigs and chickens
• Honey processing equipment - cap knife, extractor, filters etc

Putting it all together

Here's how it all goes together:

• You grow your market garden on two sections of your farm.
• The garden area rotates with the animal grazing plot and the cover crop area.
• The animal grazing area can be planted to forage crops to help with feed costs.
• The cover crop should be some deep-rooted, nitrogen fixing crop like alfalfa or tillage radish
  
• The electric mesh fencing protects your animals and your garden from predators
• Your large greenhouse will start crops several weeks earlier than the outside garden, and can hold flats of transplants from the small heated greenhouse until they are ready to be planted out.

Revenue from your 5 acre farm

Let's assume you are following the Community Supported Agriculture model for your small farm. Here's a quick breakdown of the revenue possible from the above plan.

CAUTION: this is an example only, actual income will depend on your market, your model, and your skill as a grower. Expenses will probably go up as you add enterprises as well.

• Sales of 100 CSA full shares @ $900/share = $90,000
• Sales of 500 meat chickens = $9,000
• Sales of 12 pastured piggies = $7,000
• Sales of 1,000 lbs of honey = $5,000
• Sales from your greenhouse and  mini-orchard = $4,000

Total sales = $115,000

This is not the limit; you could add bedding plants for the spring, or a fall planting of garlic, or value-added products for the winter to the mix.

You could have laying hens in an 'egg-mobile' in the summer, and house them in the greenhouse in the winter. You could raise bunnies on pasture in movable rabbit pens, like Joel Salatin of Polyface Farm.

Lots of possibilities, limited only by your ability to manage.

If you have quite a bit LESS than 5 Acres...

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